Guaranteed Annual Income "No country can develop its economic potential without meeting the basic need of its people." -- Paul Martin, Finance Minister (The Toronto Star, Tuesday, November 20, 2001, Business Today 'Globalization can't ignore social justice') Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI). According to Government of Canada Social Security Reform Discussion in Quebec City on September 18, 1994 Conclusion summarised in a paper published by the authority of the Minister of Human Resources Development Canada, states that, GAI can "provide more money for the poor to contribute to eliminating poverty in society; provide more choice and less stigma. Basic needs would be met without the stigma of needs-tested social welfare or, potentially, the classification of the population into employable and unemployable groups; provide better incentives to work than the current system of taxes and transfers which imposes conditions and limitations on the receipt of benefits and the level of earnings", among other fascinating findings. The full report: http://www.canadiansocialresearch.net/ssrgai.htm Leisure IN CANADA Summary of the Montmorency Conference on Leisure Montmorency, Quebec 1969 Prologue Anyone who has been involved in planning recreation programs is conscious, on occasion, that he works in a no-man's land where few planning policies and little legislation relates directly and clearly to the recreation worker's field. Nor can he find any widely accepted philosophy of recreation to guide planning and administration. As larger and larger numbers of Canadian workers gain adequate leisure and wages, acceptance of a workable concept of leisure and more direct planning of programs and facilities becomes increasingly essential. Last September a group of nearly 40 especially qualified people in many different fields of work gathered in Montmorency, Quebec, to hammer out some basic assumptions and concepts about the society Canadians live in, and some of the major priorities related to leisure in Canada. The federal government's Fitness and Amateur Sport Directorate had appointed a seven-man steering committee to organize the "think" sessions and round up the participants. The delegates were selected on the basis of their ability to contribute to the discussions and decisions rather then on regional representation. Four of the delegates, Professor John Farina, Professor Marc Laplante, Professor John Abrams and Professor Norman Pearson, prepared position papers for presentation to the conference. During the latter half of the conference, the participants formed five study committees and produced reports on: The Philosophy of Leisure Environmental Resources Leadership Education for Leisure Strategies These reports are summarized on the following pages, John Farina  Chairman, Steering Committee Conference Delegates Professor John Abrams, Centre of Culture and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Professor A. F. Affleck, Director, Recreation Administration Programme, School of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Miss M. E. Bayer, The Manitoba Arts Council, 409 Norquay Bldg., Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mr. J. M. Beauchesne, Director, Department of Recreaology, School of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St., Ottawa, Ontario. M. Raymond Bornais, Directeur Général, Conseil Régional des Loisirs de Québec, rue St. Pierre, Québec, P.Q. Dr. Jean Boucher, Director, Canada Council, 14 Wellington St., Ottawa, Ontario. Dr. Louise Colley, Professor of Education, Extension Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. Mr. Anselme Cormier, Assistant Director Citizenship Branch, Secretary of State, Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario. M. Wilfrid M. Dube, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. Professor Roger Dion, School of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. Mme Chevalier, Haut Commissariat à la Jeunesse, aux Loisirs et aux Sports, 930 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec. Professor J. Farina, Professor School of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Miss Margaret Gayfer, Editor "School Progress", McLean Hunter, 481 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario. Professor C. Gifford, School of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Dr. C. A. Griffith, Chairman Department of Recreation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. Mr. Tadeus Grygier, Département de Criminologie, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. Mlle Madelaine Joubert, Presidente, Institut Canadien de l'Éducation des Adultes, 506, rue Ste Catherine Est, Montréal, Québec. Dr. Roby Kidd, Chairman, Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 102 Bloor St. West, Toronto, Ontario. Mr. C. Langlois, 275 Bloomfield Rd., Outremont, Montreal, Quebec. Professor Marc Laplante, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec. M. Pierre Leclerc, Directeur, Département de l'Éducation Populaire, Ministère de l'Éducation, Gouvernement de Québec. rue Ste-Foy, Québec, Québec. Mr. James Lotz, Assistant Director, Canadian Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario. Mr. Gower Markle, Director, Education and Welfare, United Steelworkers of America, 1901 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Elsie McFarland, Director Recreation Branch, Department of Youth, Province of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Professor Norman Pearson, Chairman Centre for Resources Development, University of Guelph, c/o P.O. Box 455, Hamilton, Ontario. Miss Margaret Phillips, Recreation Consultant, Ontario Department of Education, 10 Water St., Port Arthur, Ontario. Dr. R. Ramsay, Director, Recreation and Programme, School of Physical Education and Recreation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Père A. Régimbal, 30 N. rue Elgin, Sudbury, Ontario. Mr. R. E. Secord, Director, Youth and Recreation Branch, Ontario Department of Education, 559 Jarvis St., Toronto, Ontario. Mr. C. Simard, 687 East Blvd. Gouin, Montreal, Quebec. Mr. Stanley T. Spicer, Fitness and Amateur Sport Directorate, National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario. Dr. E. J. Tyler, Department of Psychology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba. Mr. Clare Westcott, Special Assistant, Minister of Education, Ontario Department of Education, 44 Eglinton Ave. West, Toronto, Ontario. Mr. Cor Westland, Fitness and Amateur Sport Directorate, Department National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario. Professor J. R. Wright, Associate Professor School of Landscape Architecture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario. Abbé J. P. Tremblay, C.E.G.E.P. Ste-Foy, Québec. Mr. Vance Toner, Director of Physical Education and Athletics, University of Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick. Report of the Study Committee on The Philosophy of Leisure Any consideration of a better way of life for Canadians must start with an analysis of the most important values, attitudes and conditions of our present day society. Ours is a production-oriented society and in order to increase production continually, certain values are favored. Efficiency and profit, competition and rivalry, the breaking of records, rationality and logic, organization and administration, obedience and subservience have overriden and suppressed human values and created living conditions detrimental to personality development of the individual. A society heavily oriented toward production produces dependency in workers, paternalistic attitudes in management, mass manipulation of minds; alienated, ignorant, narrow-minded, prejudiced and unimaginative individuals. Our production-oriented society is rich in materials but has not yet managed to assure its members an economic and social minimum for a civilized life. Because modern societies favor standardization of ideas and opinions freedom to think and create is inhibited. Pluralism is necessary in a free society. The preponderance accorded to rationality and logic minimizes the resoucefulness of the senses, affections, emotions and intentions; notions which normally counteract abuses by bureaucracy and technocracy. The result of all this is a steriotyped life in which development of spontaneity and individuality is hindered, thereby contributing to alienation. Fundamental changes in the values of our society will be required to make a new and profound philosophy of leisure possible. New values cannot be developed exclusively in the area of leisure. Industry, the family, school and voluntary organizations must be involved. The philosophy of leisure must be directed at the "total man", not primarily at the producer. The new man will reach his potential in his leisure and he will be independent and autonomous, conscious and well informed, responsible, involved and participating, happy and satisfied, interested in his work but not making a god of it, a consumer without seeing consumption as an end in itself, pluralistic and tolerant, personal but not egotistic. He can make a personal contribution to his community. So that such a man can live and breathe the following conditions are necessary in a society: - it should have institutions and organizations which are flexible and capable of change - it should formally recognize the individual's right to a private, personal life - it should recognize the rights of experimentation, originality, eccentricity and adventure - it should have the capacity to absorb the probable errors and risks attached to a larger degree of individual liberty - it should have an absolute respect for the great variety of contributions which can be brought to the total culture. Ethnic and age groups, for instance. Report of the Study Committee on Environmental Resources This summary emphasizes natural and man-made environmental resources that are identified with leisure. We recognize the importance of human resources since it is the user that dictates the management of environmental resources. Of major concern is man's abuse of the environment (pollution), exploitation of natural resources, lack of recreational open space in or near urban areas, lack of transportation and communication within urban-central regions and lack of recreational service and opportunities in most urban areas. The trends and changes that are occurring within the Canadian context should be considered along with the issues and problems-urbanization, decreasing hours of work, growing demand for consumer goods, greater oncome, greater mobility, increased automation and technological advances, growing demand for recreation and a growing appreciation of the natural environment. In planning and developing the environment for a leisure society, the environmental resources should provide opportunities for every person to fulfil his needs. The environment should be sufficiently creative to allow conflicting values to exist without one suppressing the other. Too, it should be flexible to adapt to continuously changing values. The development of the environment should be the concern of the whole community and legislation should provide for participation in the development of plans and their approval. Leisure should be considered positively as a state of being in which the person has the opportunity to choose to be what he wishes. Because of the unity between man and his environment, leisure implies a consideration of the interplay between all services, resources, and institutions in a community. Solutions and recommendations 1.Some form of planning legislation should exist which would provide for full participation of citizens at the local level in planning and approving the ways and means devised for the development of their environment. 2.Planning legislation should provide security against land speculation surrounding development projects. 3.There is need for provincial leadership to provide guidelines for a broad urban-rural planning approach. 4.National planning goals should be established in consultation with all provinces to provide sectoral and regional goals to achieve "a national minimum of civilized life" for all as a prelude to leisure. 5.Federal-provincial-municipal cost-sharing agreements should be provided to allow municipalities to develop recreation facilities. 6.Governments should provide the resources for animateurs to be located in alienated communities to enable the development of citizen participation regarding decisions for changes, regarding environmental factors. 7.There is an urgency to plan for securing public land within the "urban shadow" to satisfy the demand for outdoor recreation within a one-hour drive from urban centres. 8.Planning and design of urbanizing communities should take into account the biological and ecological factors that will ensure the preservation and conservation of those factors vital to enhance the quality of life in the community. Research 1.Standards for all types of recreation should be established to meet individual community needs. 2.Behavioural characteristics and needs of the individual and of the family should be examined as these needs affect future demands for recreation. Facilities 1.Develop standards for parks of different sizes. 2.Correlate the findings of research on the functions that parks perform in communities. 3.Study of the kinds of parks that meet the needs of families with pre-school children, with school-age children, youth, the aged. 4.Studies to investigate the kinds of attractions that can be combined with open spaces - picnics, swimming, zoos, nature trails, wilderness areas. 5.Exchange information on successful projects such as the Bruce Trail, Japanese Garden in Lethbridge, Ottawa Mall. Procedures 1.Create ways in which citizens can express themselves regarding their environment and make decisions on the development or limitation of their community's size and what spaces or buildings should be preserved. 2.Provision of funds to municipal and regional planning boards from provincial and federal governments to be used to develop community facilities and augmented by the municipality and citizen groups. Report of the Study Committee on Leadership 1.Leadership is a function of the group. It is bound up in the cultural fabric of a society and our concern is the fabric of Canadian society. 2.Leadership contains tasks, structural and motivational dimensions. In nurturing leadership development, ignoring one or more of these dimensions will result in either complete failure or falling short of the goal. 3.Since leisure is an intrinsic dimension of a culture, there is need to spread the concept of culture in its sociological and anthropological sense rather than restricting it to its artistic connotation. That aspect of culture which derives from the leisure dimension must be popularized for leisure to find its meaning in the lives and activities of people. 4.Leadership potential and readiness exists at the community level. The task is to provide the motivation and opportunities for this potential to be realized and appreciated. 5.The challenge is to mobilize the program and resources that will respond to the leadership development aspirations of community volunteers. 6.It is necessary to provide material, technical and professional assistance to existing local and regional groups, so that they may advance towards the goal of cultural development through leisure. 7.In order to put these principles in operation, the following model is proposed: RELATIONSHIP CHART Interest groups -> LOCAL LEVEL Voluntary activities <- Service groups CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON  CULTURE AND LEISURE ->   Municipal enablers -> MUNICIPAL LEVEL <- Field services of provincial government and agencies CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON  CULTURE AND LEISURE -> Regional administration -> DISTRICT & REGIONAL LEVEL <- Inter-municipal co-operation  <- CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON  CULTURE AND LEISURE Administration  grants, etc. -> PROVINCIAL LEVEL <- Specialist leadership resources  Federal-provincial  council -> <- CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON  CULTURE AND LEISURE SUPRA-PROVINCIAL REGIONAL LEVEL <- Inter-provincial  co-operative planning Federal-provincial  council -> FEDERAL Ministry of Culture and Leisure <- CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON CULTURE AND LEISURE _/|\_ CANADIAN INSTITUTE ON  CULTURE AND LEISURE  Research, documentation, interdisciplinary publications  - based on the Economic Council of Canada Report of the Study Committee on Education for Leisure There are two main areas of concern in education for leisure. The first is the early acquisition of the skills required for the creative and satisfying use of discretionary time. The second is the formation and development of positive attitudes toward leisure. The skills required will vary at various ages. The educational process should be continuous with bridges over the age range. At a practical level there is a third need. There should be education or information programs to inform people of resources available. A number of problems have been identified - hostile attitudes, narrowness of terminology e.g.1 "recreation" being synonymous with "sport", the lack of information and machinery for research, the rigidity of some aspects of our educational system. A number of needs have been observed - for research, for continuing dialogue, for a statement of public policy, for co-operative action and for interpretation. To meet these needs, we have a number of proposals: 1.All Canada's resources should be brought to bear on the problem of poverty so that a leisure time program can be available to all. 2.A data bank is required as a basis for further study and the development of a workable public policy. The data bank would be kept up to date by continuous research and statistical assembly. 3.A national educational program should be designed to provide public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the value of discretionary time. 4.Techniques should be developed to inform people of the consequences of automation, changing society and the potential this has for personal enjoyment through involvement in leisure programs. 5.In co-operation with the provinces, educational curricula at all levels should be re-appraised toward revising attitudes toward leisure, providing now-needed skills at all ages. Formal education systems, voluntary structures and mass media should all be involved in the re-appraisal and revision. 6.A national Advisory Committee on Recreation is proposed. Voluntary leaders in various fields should be included. This committee could: a) Integrate and consolidate facts and information relative to leisure. b) Co-ordinate information concerning the programs of various departments in areas of work relating to leisure e.g. Canada Council, parks, sports education, urban planning. c) Maintain a working contact with regional interdisciplinary advisory bodies. d) Work with the private sector. e) Develop and maintain a research organization. f) Provide social animation leadership for creative programming. g) Develop working lines of communication between all levels of government, educational groups, community planning organizations, sport groups, etc. h) Develop a long range plan for the best use of leisure. i) Help develop programs for changing public attitudea e.g. control misleading advertising. Report of the Study Committee on Strategies A number of strategies by which the goals and objectives might be achieved were considered. 1.Achieving coherence and offering leadership through the Federal Government.  The goals and objectives of leisure go beyond the interest and authority of any one department of government. Participation in any effective program will include the National Council of Fitness and Amateur Sport, other offices in the Department of National Health and Welfare and such agencies as the Canada Council, the CBC, the National Film Board and many other agencies and departments. A national program of leisure should engage the attention of the Cabinet and all interested government officials. 2.Goals for leisure are directly related to national goals.  Our concept for leisure, and programs to implement it will emphasize what is most creative in a program of health and welfare. It is a significant part of the health and welfare of the individual, the family, group, and of society. The priority for leadership in ensuring scope and direction for leisure activities is an extension and integral part of the government's present policy of economic and social equalization. Provision of ways to occupy leisure contributes to the "health" of our society and is an expansion of current philosophy and goals of the Department of Health and Welfare.  The new way of looking at leisure as part of the fabric of a citizen's life is in tune with thinking about government expenditure involving program budgeting techniques and research and development systems. Looking at programs instead of dollars first, governments now focus on resources which include human resources as legitimate avenues for leadership. We do not imply a program which would take dollars away from existing programs or add millions to any department budget. We would point out that many present programs, federal programs of assistance to rural communities and Manpower training programs for example, should have a leisure as well as a job component that will bring dividends with little ot no additional investment beyond present budgets. 3.Special areas of national leadership.  We do not suggest that the Federal Government assumes limitless responsibility for building facilities across the country, nor do we believe it necessary or advisable to start with a plan for capital expenditure on buildings.  People and a program come first. In response to these needs for a program for leisure opportunities the Federal Government can give encouragement to provincial, regional and community development. It can play a role in developing local initiative through an inventory of existing resources and facilities; through more support for self-development programs in the arts, physical recreation and continuing education; through making available information about programs developed in various parts of Canada; sharing and making available research; encouragement of programs to develop professional manpower capable of planning for and helping to stimulate leisure time programs. We emphasize that the Federal Government should not attempt to provide facilities for every leisure activity everywhere in Canada, but offer a concept; encourage collaboration with governments and universities; develop a training program; develop research programs and disseminate the findings.  We believe the federal parks authority should be placed in the same department which administers fitness, sports and recreation to ensure effective planning and the use of park lands as a resource for all Canadians.  It is a well-established Canadian tradition to set aside lands and other natural resources for intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic programs that can earn no immediate economic return. In considering the development of oil-bearing lands, for example, we urge the primacy of claims for support of research and training associated with the leisure needs of our people. Experts associated with our natural resources have developed plans for achieving this. We believe that implementing such a policy requires only the will to do so. 4.Information and research.  Leisure is the basis of culture, self-fulfillment, and mental and physical health. But free time may lead to idleness, drift, alcoholism and drug addiction. Crime and juvenile delinquency occur mainly in free-time hours. So do voluntary social services, neighbourly help, community participation and creative endeavor. It is important, therefore, to influence the quality of leisure constructively.  The Federal Government might ensure the following are accomplished: a) To make and maintain on a continuous basis an inventory of needs and resources in the field of leisure and recreation, both for the whole population and for specific groups such as Indians, adolescents, retired people, exceptional children, etc. b) To survey the sources of leadership and successful private and public enterprise in the field of leisure so as to utilize all the human potentialities of Canada. c) To study the problem of professional and voluntary staff development so as to advise and help all levels of government and private agencies in providing a core of leaders and "social animateurs" in the field of leisure and recreation. d) To study or support studies of personality and social correlates of leisure. This should enable us to program and support leisure activities associated with creative, reformative and social functions and to avoid some misuses of free time, even in such areas as competitive sport, that might have detrimental effects on personality development, social integration and individual happiness. e) To initiate or support experimental action programs. We recommend the creation of a national leisure research collection, a data bank and information distribution centre through which can be obtained all kinds of information regarding leisure. Notes: 1 e.g. - syn: for example, for instance. date: 20031115